Preprocessor directives

Preprocessor directives are lines included in the code preceded by a hash sign (#). These lines are directives for the preprocessor. The preprocessor examines the code before actual compilation of code begins and resolves all these directives before any code is actually generated by regular statements.

#define INF 10000000
if( val == INF) {
//Do something
}
After the preprocessor has replaced the directives, the code will be
if( val == 10000000) { //Here INF is replaced by the value with which it's defined.
//Do something
}

You can also define function macros which have parameters.

#define add(a, b) a + b
int x = add(a, b);

The second statement after the preprocessor has replaced the directives will be:
int x = a + b;

To know more about preprocessor directives, you can go to this link
You're spending your afternoon at a local school, teaching kids how to code. You give them a simple task: find the difference between the maximum and minimum values in an array of integers.
After a few hours, they came up with some promising source code. Unfortunately, it doesn't compile! Since you don't want to discourage them, you decide to make their code work without modifying it by adding preprocessor macros.
Review the locked stub code in your editor and add the preprocessor macros necessary to make the code work.

#define INF (unsigned)!((int)0)
#define FUNCTION(name,operator) inline void name(int &current, int candidate) {!(current operator candidate) ? current = candidate : false;}
#define io(v) cin>>v
#define toStr(str) #str
#define foreach(v, i) for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

#if !defined toStr || !defined io || !defined FUNCTION || !defined INF
#error Missing preprocessor definitions
#endif

FUNCTION(minimum, <)
FUNCTION(maximum, >)

int main(){
    int n; cin >> n;
    vector<int> v(n);
    foreach(v, i) {
        io(v)[i];
    }
    int mn = INF;
    int mx = -INF;
    foreach(v, i) {
        minimum(mn, v[i]);
        maximum(mx, v[i]);
    }
    int ans = mx - mn;
    cout << toStr(Result =) <<' '<< ans;
    return 0;
}